ReviewPlasma norepinephrine as an indicator of sympathetic neural activity in clinical cardiology
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Transcutaneous Electrical Acustimulation Improved the Quality of Life in Patients With Diarrhea-Irritable Bowel Syndrome
2022, NeuromodulationCitation Excerpt :A recent study reported that electroacupuncture inhibited the release of a number of proinflammatory cytokines via the autonomic nervous mechanism to inhibit inflammation.36 In this study, we measured the serum levels of NE, which can be used as an indicator of sympathetic activity.37,38 However, NE was not altered with the TEA treatment.
Transcutaneous Electrical Acustimulation Ameliorates Motion Sickness Induced by Rotary Chair in Healthy Subjects: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Study
2022, NeuromodulationCitation Excerpt :Interestingly, we found that TEA significantly increased vagal activity and restored the sympathovagal balance. NE is an important neurotransmitter mainly synthesized and secreted by sympathetic postganglionic neurons and the adrenal medulla, which is widely recognized as an indicator of sympathetic activity.55,56 Consistent with the HRV results, our data also showed that TEA substantially decreased the elevated level of NE upon MS stimuli.
Depression in Heart Failure: Biobehavioral Mechanisms
2011, Heart Failure ClinicsCitation Excerpt :Increased sympathetic nervous system activity, including elevated catecholamine levels, as well as reduced feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis are well documented in depression (for general reviews see107–110; specific to CVD12,111–114). Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) are also elevated in HF115–120 with NE having significant predictive power for adverse HF prognosis.25–31 Patients with decompensated HF show increased plasma NE and E; whereas, patients with chronic, stable HF usually display increased plasma NE without substantial changes in E.117 Increased release and turnover of NE combined with decreased efficiency of cardiac NE storage and reuptake both contribute to elevated cardiac adrenergic drive in HF.116,121
Ganglionic tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine transporter are decreased by increased sodium chloride in vivo and in vitro
2003, Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and ClinicalThe syndrome of cardiac cachexia
2002, International Journal of Cardiology