Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: Capturing the butterfly

  • Published:
Current Rheumatology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As interest in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) research has increased, it has become apparent that knowledge about SLE epidemiology has lagged behind. The most fundamental aspect of epidemiology of any disease is determining the disease’s incidence and prevalence rates. The reported rates for SLE vary greatly. This is due partly to the inherent disparities of the disease; however, great variation also exists in study methodology. Understanding these differences and defining ideal approaches will advance our current understanding of the literature and future efforts. Well-designed epidemiologic studies of SLE also can help further our understanding in several related research areas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References and Recommended Reading

  1. Siegel M, Holley HL, Lee SL: Epidemiologic studies on systemic lupus erythematosus. Comparative data for New York City and Jefferson County, Alabama, 1956–1965. Arthritis Rheum 1970, 13: 802–811.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Fessel WJ: Systemic lupus erythematosus in the community. Incidence, prevalence, outcome, and first symptoms; the high prevalence in black women. Arch Intern Med 1974, 134: 1027–1035.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Michet CJ Jr, McKenna CH, Elveback LR, et al.: Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 through 1979. Mayo Clin Proc 1985, 60: 105–113.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hochberg MC: The incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Baltimore, Maryland, 1970–1977. Arthritis Rheum 1985, 28: 80–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. McCarty DJ, Manzi S, Medsger TA Jr, et al.: Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Race and gender differences. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38: 1260–1270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Uramoto KM, Michet CJ Jr, Thumboo J, et al.: Trends in the incidence and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus, 1950–1992. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42: 46–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Walsh BT, Pope C, Reid M, et al.: SLE in a United States-Mexico border community. J Clin Rheumatol 2001, 7: 3–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ward MM: Prevalence of physician-diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus in the United States: results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2004, 13: 713–718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Naleway AL, Davis ME, Greenlee RT, et al.: Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in rural Wisconsin. Lupus 2005, 14: 862–866.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bernatsky S, Joseph L, Pineau CA, et al.: A population-based assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus incidence and prevalence-results and implications of using administrative data for epidemiological studies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007, 46: 1814–1818.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hopkinson ND, Doherty M, Powell RJ: Clinical features and race-specific incidence/prevalence rates of systemic lupus erythematosus in a geographically complete cohort of patients. Ann Rheum Dis 1994, 53: 675–680.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Johnson AE, Gordon C, Palmer RG, Bacon PA: The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Birmingham, England. Relationship to ethnicity and country of birth. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38: 551–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nightingale AL, Farmer RD, de Vries CS: Incidence of clinically diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus 1992–1998 using the UK General Practice Research Database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006, 15: 656–661.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nightingale AL, Farmer RD, de Vries CS: Systemic lupus erythematosus prevalence in the UK: methodological issues when using the General Practice Research Database to estimate frequency of chronic relapsing-remitting disease. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007, 16: 144–151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Somers EC, Thomas SL, Smeeth L, et al.: Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the United Kingdom, 1990–1999. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 57: 612–618.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Govoni M, Castellino G, Bosi S, et al.: Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in a district of north Italy. Lupus 2006, 15: 110–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lopez P, Mozo L, Gutierrez C, Suarez A: Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in a northern Spanish population: gender and age influence on immunological features. Lupus 2003, 12: 860–865.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Nossent HC: Systemic lupus erythematosus in the Arctic region of Norway. J Rheumatol 2001, 28: 539–546.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Stahl-Hallengren C, Jonsen A, Nived O, Sturfelt G: Incidence studies of systemic lupus erythematosus in Southern Sweden: increasing age, decreasing frequency of renal manifestations and good prognosis. J Rheumatol 2000, 27: 685–691.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Voss A, Green A, Junker P: Systemic lupus erythematosus in Denmark: clinical and epidemiological characterization of a county-based cohort. Scand J Rheumatol 1998, 27: 98–105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Danchenko N, Satia JA, Anthony MS: Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of worldwide disease burden. Lupus 2006, 15: 308–318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Petri M, Magder L: Classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: a review. Lupus 2004, 13: 829–837.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, et al.: The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982, 25: 1271–1277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hochberg MC: Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40: 1725.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Tebbe B, Mansmann U, Wollina U, et al.: Markers in cutaneous lupus erythematosus indicating systemic involvement. A multicenter study on 296 patients. Acta Derm Venereol 1997, 77: 305–308.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Iseki K, Miyasato F, Oura T, et al.: An epidemiologic analysis of end-stage lupus nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 1994, 23: 547–554.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Patel M, Clarke AM, Bruce IN, Symmons DP: The prevalence and incidence of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis in the UK: Evidence of an ethnic gradient. Arthritis Rheum 2006, 54: 2963–2969.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Cardinali C, Caproni M, Bernacchi E, et al.: The spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in lupus erythematosus-the Italian experience. Lupus 2000, 9: 417–423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Huang JL, Yao TC, See LC: Prevalence of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile chronic arthritis in a Chinese population: a nation-wide prospective population-based study in Taiwan. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004, 22: 776–780.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Molokhia M, McKeigue PM, Cuadrado M, Hughes G: Systemic lupus erythematosus in migrants from west Africa compared with Afro-Caribbean people in the UK. Lancet 2001, 357: 1414–1415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bossingham D: Systemic lupus erythematosus in the far north of Queensland. Lupus 2003, 12: 327–331.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Mok CC, Lau CS: Lupus in Hong Kong Chinese. Lupus 2003, 12: 717–722.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ward MM: Education level and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): evidence of underascertainment of deaths due to SLE in ethnic minorities with low education levels. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 51: 616–624.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Capocaccia R, Colonna M, Corazziari I, et al.: Measuring cancer prevalence in Europe: the EUROPREVAL project. Ann Oncol 2002, 13: 831–839.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zivadinov R, Iona L, Monti-Bragadin L, et al.: The use of standardized incidence and prevalence rates in epidemiological studies on multiple sclerosis. A meta-analysis study. Neuroepidemiology 2003, 22: 65–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Morgan CL, Currie CJ, Peters JR: Estimating the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in a health district of Wales. Diabet Med 2001, 18: 423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Parks CG, Cooper GS: Occupational exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of the evidence and exposure assessment methods in population-and clinic-based studies. Lupus 2006, 15: 728–736.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Parks CG, Cooper GS, Nylander-French LA, et al.: Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based, case-control study in the southeastern United States. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46: 1840–1850.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Tsai PC, Ko YC, Huang W, et al.: Increased liver and lupus mortalities in 24-year follow-up of the Taiwanese people highly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. Sci Total Environ 2007, 374: 216–222.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Karlson EW, Watts J, Signorovitch J, et al.: Effect of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and proximity to hazardous waste sites on time to systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis: results from the Roxbury lupus project. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56: 244–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Sam Lim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lim, S.S., Drenkard, C. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: Capturing the butterfly. Curr Rheumatol Rep 10, 265–272 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-008-0043-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-008-0043-4

Keywords

Navigation