Abstract
This study aimed to determine the correlation between of ESR, C3, C4, anti-DNA, and lupus activity and also the construct and criterion validity of the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index for assessing disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients with SLE were recruited into a cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed for estimating of SLE disease activity [scores on the BILAG index and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K)]. Overall BILAG scores were determined by the highest score achieved in any of the individual systems in the respective index. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs), C3 levels, C4 levels, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels, and SLEDAI-2K scores were used in the analysis of construct validity. Statistical analyses were performed using ordinal logistic regression for construct validity. Of the 100 patients with SLE, 90% were women. Their mean ± SD age was 31.1 ± 9.8 years. Increasing overall scores on the BILAG index were associated with increasing ESRs, decreasing C3 levels, decreasing C4 levels, elevated anti-dsDNA levels, and increasing SLEDAI-2K scores (all P < 0.01). These findings show that the ESR, C3, C4, and anti-DNA should be used in the evaluation and management of patients with SLE. Also the results show that the BILAG index has construct validity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Liang MH, Socher SA, Roberts WN, Esdaile JM (1988) Measurement of systemic lupus erythematosus activity in clinical research. Arthritis Rheum 31:817–825
Isenberg DA, Rahman A, Allen E, Farewell V, Akil M, Bruce IN et al (2005) BILAG 2004: development and initial validation of an updated version of the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group’s disease activity index for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 44:902–906
Hay EM, Bacon PA, Gordon C, Isenberg DA, Maddison P, Snaith ML et al (1993) The BILAG index: a reliable and valid instrument for measuring clinical disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Q J Med 86:447–458
Yee CS, Farewell V, Isenberg DA, Prabu A, Sokoll K, Teh LS et al (2006) Revised British Isles Lupus Assessment Group 2004 Index: a reliable tool for assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus activity. Arthritis Rheum 54:3300–3305
Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rothfield NF et al (1982) The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 25:1271–1277
Hochberg MC (1997) For the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American College of Rheumatology. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus [letter]. Arthritis Rheum 40:1725
Gladman DD, Ibanez D, Urowitz MB (2002) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000. J Rheumatol 29:288–291
Williams RL (2000) A note on robust variance estimation for clustercorrelated data. Biometrics 56:645–646
Illei GG, Takada K, Parkin D, Austin HA, Crane M, Yarboro CH et al (2002) Renal flares are common in patients with severe proliferative lupus nephritis treated with pulse immunosuppressive therapy: long-term followup of a cohort of 145 patients participating in randomized controlled studies. Arthritis Rheum 46:995–1002
Davies EJ, Hillarby MC, Cooper RG, Hay EM, Green JR, Shah S et al (1993) HLA-DQ, DR and complement C4 variants in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Rheumatol 32:870–875
Price P, Witt C, Allcock R, Sayer D, Garlepp M, Kok CC et al (1999) The genetic basis for the association of the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (A1, B8, DR3) with multiple immunopathological diseases. Immunol Rev 167:257–274
Schotte H, Willeke P, Tidow N, Domschke W, Assmann G, Gaubitz M et al (2005) Extended haplotype analysis reveals an association of TNF polymorphisms with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus beyond HLA-DR3. Scand J Rheumatol 34:114–121
Hartung K, Ehrfeld H, Lakomek HJ, Coldewey R, Lang B, Krapf F, SLE Study Group et al (1992) The genetic basis of Ro and La antibody formation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results of a multicenter study. Rheumatol Int 11:243–249
Provost TT, Talal N, Bias W, Harley JB, Reichlin M, Alexander EL (1988) Ro(SS-A) positive Sjögren’s/lupus erythematosus (SC/LE) overlap patients are associated with the HLA-DR3 and/or DRw6 phenotypes. J Invest Dermatol 914:369–371
Batchelor JR, Fielder AH, Walport MJ, David J, Lord DK, Davey N et al (1987) Family study of the major histocompatibility complex in HLA DR3 negative patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 70:364–371
Guzman J, Cardiel MH, Arce-Salinas A, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Alarcon-Segovia D (1992) Measurement of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prospective validation of 3 clinical indices. J Rheumatol 19:1551–1558
Gladman DD, Goldsmith CH, Urowitz MB, Bacon P, Bombardier C, Isenberg D et al (1992) Crosscultural validation and reliability of 3 disease activity indices in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 19:608–611
Gladman DD, Goldsmith CH, Urowitz MB, Bacon P, Bombardier C, Isenberg D et al (1994) Sensitivity to change of 3 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Indices: international validation. J Rheumatol 21:1468–1471
Wollaston SJ, Farewell VT, Isenberg DA, Gordon C, Merrill JT, Petri MA et al (2004) Defining response in systemic lupus erythematosus: a study by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics group. J Rheumatol 31:2390–2394
Davas EM, Tsirogianni A, Karamitsos D, Economoida I, Dantis PC (1999) Serum IL-6, TNF α, P55sr TNFα, P75sr TNFα, sr IL-2α level and disease activity in SLE. Clin Rheumatol 18:17–22
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-016-3471-x.
Editor-in-Chief and Publisher have decided to retract this article. Upon investigation carried out according to the Committee on Publication Ethics guidelines, it has been found that the authors duplicated substantial parts from the following article: British Isles Lupus Assessment Group 2004 Index Is Valid for Assessment of Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Chee-Seng Yee, Vernon Farewell, David A. Isenberg, Anisur Rahman, Lee-Suan Teh, Bridget Griffiths, Ian N. Bruce, Yasmeen Ahmad, Athiveeraramapandian Prabu, Mohammed Akil, Neil McHugh, David D’Cruz, Munther A. Khamashta, Peter Maddison, and Caroline Gordon published in Volume 56, No. 12, December 2007, pp 4113 – 4119 in Arthritis & Rheumatism (DOI 10.1002/art.23130). It was not possible to receive a statement of the authors in this regard.
About this article
Cite this article
Nasiri, S., Karimifar, M., Bonakdar, Z.S. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Correlation of ESR, C3, C4, anti-DNA and lupus activity based on British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Index in patients of rheumatology clinic. Rheumatol Int 30, 1605–1609 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-009-1201-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-009-1201-3