Characteristics of gout patients stratified by disease severity and logistic regression models
| Covariates | Mild* | Moderate* | Severe* | Univariate analyses** | Multivariate analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=272 | n=130 | n=62 | OR (95% CI)$#$ | (OR (95% CI)$#$ | |
| Age in years (mean) | 70.8 | 71.9 | 71.8 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | N/A |
| Female sex (%) | 12.9 | 18.5 | 22.6 | 1.67 (1.01–2.76) | 1.54 (0.85–2.80) |
| Education ≤9 years (%) | 24.8 | 27.6 | 46.6 | 1.46 (0.97–2.21) | N/A |
| Diabetes (%) | 22.8 | 27.1 | 27.4 | 1.29 (0.84–1.98) | N/A |
| Kidney disease (%) | 6.6 | 9.3 | 11.3 | 1.59 (0.81–3.12) | N/A |
| BMI (mean) | 27.9 | 28.2 | 27.8 | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | N/A |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 29.4 | 44.2 | 46.8 | 2.00 (1.36–2.95) | 2.13 (1.39–3.28) |
| Duration of gout in years (mean) | 10.4 | 11.2 | 8.5 | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | N/A |
| Total number of attacks (%): | |||||
| 1 | 19.5 | 6.4 | 12.1 | ref | ref |
| 2–5 | 50.0 | 40.8 | 39.7 | 1.93 (1.01–3.67) | 1.51 (0.77–2.96) |
| 6–10 | 14.8 | 20.8 | 13.8 | 2.98 (1.42–6.25) | 2.12 (0.97–4.62) |
| >10 | 15.6 | 32.0 | 34.5 | 5.00 (2.48–10.09) | 3.15 (1.49–6.65) |
| Attack during the last month (%) | 11.5 | 30.4 | 30.6 | 3.43 (2.10–5.61) | 1.81 (1.36–2.41) |
| ULT¶ (%) | 46.3 | 50.8 | 50.0 | 0.85 (0.46–1.55) | N/A |
| HAQ§ (mean) | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.51 | 1.56 (1.09–2.24) | 1.20 (0.80–1.81) |
| Tophus (%) | 14.3 | 21.3 | 4.8 | 1.17 (0.69–1.98) | N/A |
*Self-reported disease severity. **ORs reflects yes vs no for dichotomous covariates, per year for age and duration and per unit for HAQ. $#$Moderate/severe vs mild, ¶Urate-lowering therapy. §Health assessment questionnaire.