The symbols (*, §, #) indicate different levels of evidence which are correspondingly provided together with voting results and levels of agreement in table 3.

¹TNF-inhibitors: adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumb, infliximab boDMARDs or the respective EMA-approved/FDA-approved biosimilars.

²Abatacept, rituximab (as first bDMARD under special circumstances—see text), or tocilizumab or respective EMA-approved/FDA-approved biosimilars, as well as other IL-6 pathway inhibitors, sarilumab and/or sirukumab, once approved.

³Jak-inhibitors (where approved).

boDMARDs, biological originator DMARDs; bsDMARD, biosimilar DMARDs; csDMARDs, conventional synthetic DMARDs; DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; EULAR, European League Against Rheumatism; Jak, Janus kinase; MTX, methotrexate; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; tsDMARDs, targeted synthetic DMARDs.