Table 1.

Effect of leaving poverty and years out of poverty on change in BILD damage index between 2009 and 2014 in SLE, with and without adjustment for disease, demographic, and health care characteristics and health behaviors

Leaving poverty		Never in poverty	Left poverty permanently	Remained in poverty

		Data in cells represent level of newly accumulated damage (BILD) between 2009 and 2014

	Unadjusted*	1.33	1.41	2.08
	Adjusted*	1.24	1.08	1.90
Years out of poverty		5–11 years	2–3 years	1 year	Remained in poverty
	Unadjusted*	1.24	1.44	2.43	2.31
	Adjusted*	1.04	1.26	2.31	2.06

Variables in adjusted models include age, gender, race/ethnicity, level of educational attainment, disease duration, specialties of principal and other physicians for SLE, managed care vs. fee-for-service insurance, pass rates of ≥85% in SLE quality indicators, smoking status (past, current, never), and body mass index. *Leaving poverty and # of years out of poverty significantly related to level of new damage accrual between 2009 and 2014 (p<0.05).