Risk of gout for sugar-sweetened beverage intake by ethnic group
| Obs (n controls, n cases) | Frequency of SSB intake (servings/day) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.01 to 0.99* | 1.0 to 1.99 | 2.0 to 2.99 | 3.0 to 3.99 | 4.0 to 4.99 | 5.0+ | PTrend† | ||
| NZ European Caucasian | |||||||||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 592 (180, 412) | 1.00 | 1.53 (0.31 to 7.49) | 0.79 (0.52 to 1.21) | 1.51 (0.78 to 2.93) | 0.65 (0.30 to 1.41) | 3.93 (0.89 to 17.26) | 1.05 (0.43 to 2.64) | 0.56 |
| p Value | – | 0.60 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.070 | 0.90 | ||
| Adjusted OR‡ (95% CI) | 563 | 1.00 | 2.17 (0.38 to 12.51) | 1.11 (0.60 to 2.05) | 2.82 (1.08 to 7.34) | 1.42 (0.47 to 4.27) | 6.89 (1.05 to 45.44) | 2.38 (0.64 to 8.84) | 0.020 |
| p Value | – | 0.39 | 0.75 | 0.034 | 0.53 | 0.045 | 0.20 | ||
| NZ Māori | |||||||||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 502 (312, 190) | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.35 to 3.73) | 0.66 (0.40 to 1.08) | 0.69 (0.36 to 1.33) | 1.22 (0.63 to 2.36) | 1.94 (0.91 to 4.17) | 1.34 (0.74 to 2.43) | 0.17 |
| p Value | – | 0.83 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.56 | 0.088 | 0.33 | ||
| Adjusted OR‡ (95%CI) | 463 | 1.00 | 0.32 (0.05 to 1.91) | 0.76 (0.36 to 1.58) | 1.28 (0.52 to 3.14) | 0.89 (0.33 to 2.35) | 5.19 (1.48 to 18.17) | 1.44 (0.59 to 3.53) | 0.11 |
| p Value | – | 0.21 | 0.46 | 0.59 | 0.81 | 0.010 | 0.42 | ||
| NZ Pacific Islander | |||||||||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 536 (217, 319) | 1.00 | – | 0.85 (0.50 to 1.45) | 0.84 (0.49 to 1.42) | 0.84 (0.48 to 1.47) | 2.42 (1.09 to 5.33) | 1.38 (0.76 to 2.50) | 0.16 |
| p Value | – | – | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.029 | 0.29 | ||
| Adjusted OR‡ (95% CI) | 485 | 1.00 | – | 1.20 (0.59 to 2.46) | 0.84 (0.42 to 1.69) | 1.00 (0.47 to 2.13) | 2.84 (1.04 to 7.77) | 2.17 (0.98 to 4.77) | 0.050 |
| p Value | – | – | 0.62 | 0.63 | 1.00 | 0.043 | 0.055 | ||
| ARIC | |||||||||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 7059 (6911, 148) | 1.00 | 1.71 (0.78 to 3.74) | 1.54 (0.69 to 3.43) | 1.48 (0.57 to 3.83) | 3.79 (1.35 to 10.61) | – | 2.54 (0.73 to 8.80) | 0.15 |
| p Value | – | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.43 | 0.011 | – | 0.14 | ||
| Adjusted OR‡ OR (95% CI) | 6705 | 1.00 | 1.50 (0.68 to 3.30) | 1.36 (0.61 to 3.05) | 1.19 (0.45 to 3.12) | 3.05 (1.07 to 8.66) | – | 2.31 (0.65 to 8.19) | 0.26 |
| p Value | – | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.73 | 0.037 | – | 0.20 | ||
*Selection of exposure groups is described in the Methods.
†pTrend was the p value associated with the single line SSB variable in regression analysis.
‡Adjusted by age, sex, BMI, alcohol (continuous variable), fruit intake (continuous variable), kidney disease, high blood pressure and relatedness (ARIC only).
ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; NZ, New Zealand; SSB, sugar (sucrose)-sweetened beverage.