total SpaA	Early	Surgery total	Surgery early
	N=425	n=96	n=50	n=9
M/F	148/277	33/63	26/24	5/4
Caucasian	191(44.9%)	45 (46.9%)	30(60%)	7(77.7%)
Asian	184 (43.3%)	32 (33.3%)	14(28%)	0
African	39 (9.2%)	16 (16.7%)	5 (10%)	1(11.1%)
Mixed race	2 (0.5%)	1(1%)	1(1%)	1(11.1%)
Not stated	9 (2.1%)	3 (3.1%)