Efficacy of induction and maintenance therapies in PLN
| Baseline patient characteristics | Response (6 months) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Induction studies* | N | Black/Hispanic (%) | PLN (%) | mSCr (mg/dl) | mUp/Ucr (g/g) | mSAlb (mg/dl) | CY (%) | MMF (%) |
| Chan et al11 | 41 | 0/0 | 100 | 1.2 | 4.7 | 2.8 | 90 | 95 |
| Houssiau et al12 | 90 | 9/0 | 100 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | ∼60 | NA |
| Ginzler et al13 | 140 | 56/20 | 70 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 30 | 52 |
| Ong et al14 | 24 | 0/0 | 100 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 52 | 58 |
| Grootschölten et al15 | 50 | 20/0 | 100 | 0.7 | 3.9 | – | 75 | NA |
| Lu et al16 | 213 | 0/0 | 100 | 1.3 | 4.7 | 2.6 | NA | 83 |
| Appel et al8 | 370 | 12/35 | 84 | 1.1 | 4.1 | – | 53 | 56 |
| Baseline patient characteristics | Flares (3 years) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maintenance studies† | N | Black/Hispanic (%) | PLN (%) | mSCr (mg/dl) | mUp/Ucr (g/g) | mSAlb (mg/dl) | AZA (%) | MMF (%) |
| Houssiau et al12 | 83 | 9/0 | 100 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 25 | NA |
| Contreras et al7 | 39 | 46/49 | 98 | 1.6 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 43 | 23 |
| Chan et al11 | 62 | 0/0 | 100 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 15 | 35 |
| Grootscholten et al15 | 37 | 20/0 | 100 | 0.7 | 3.9 | – | 17 | NA |
| Moroni et al18 | 33 | 0/0 | 88 | 0.9 | 2.5 | – | 24 | NA |
| Houssiau et al6 | 105 | 12/0 | 89 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 22 | 19 |
| Wofsy et al10 | 227 | 12/35 | 84 | 1.1 | 4.1 | – | 32 | 16 |
Results from recent (2000–10) RCTs demonstrate significant heterogeneity in treatment outcomes.
↵* Response defined as at least 50% decrease in proteinuria and to levels <3.5 g/24 h.
↵† Flares correspond mostly to doubling of proteinuria.
AZA, azathioprine; CY, cyclophosphamide; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; mSAlb, mean serum albumin; mSCr, mean serum creatinine; mUp/Ucr, mean urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; NA, not applicable; PLN, proliferative lupus nephritis.