European
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Savi et al (1988)48 | 80 | | Northern Italian | | A highly significant (p = 6.17×10−7 association was found between anticardiolipin antibodies and DR7 |
Trabace et al (1991)57 | 49 | | Italian | | HLA-DR7 frequency was 40% in aCL positive patients v 8.3% in aCL negative patients (p = 0.011) |
Hartung et al (1992)33 | 314 | | Central European | | Both HLA-DR4 and DR7 were increased in aCL positive patients, and aCL were significantly associated with DRw53 |
Colucci et al (1992)44 | 82 | | Italian | | HLA-B8, DR3 positive young women have significantly higher levels of aPL than HLA-B8, DR3 negative women |
Camps et al (1995)40 | 19 | | South of Spain | | HLA-DQ7 antigen showed the highest relative risk for primary APS, followed by DRw53 |
Panzer et al (1997)56 | 27 | | Austria | | An increased frequency of HLA-DQB1*06 |
Christiansen et al (1998)58 | 123 | | Danish and
>Czech women | | HLA-DR3 phenotypes seem to predispose to the formation of aCL antibodies and antinuclear antibodies |
Bertolaccini et al (2000)39 | 82 | | British caucasoid | | IgG antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) were present in 41/82 (50%) patients
>The frequencies of DQB1*0301/4, DQB1*0604/5/6/7/9, and DRB1*1302 alleles were increased in patients with aPS/PT compared with controls |
Caliz et al (2001)37 | 83 | | British caucasoid | | DQB1*0604/5/6/7/9-DQA1*0102-DRB1*1302 and DQB1*0303-DQA1*0201-DRB1*0701 haplotypes showed significantly positive correlations with the APS |
Domenico Sebastiani et al (2003)41 | – | | Italian | | The association of HLA-DR4, -DR7, -DRw53, and -DQB1*0302 with aCL that has been demonstrated in primary APS can also be found in SLE |
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American (North, South)
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Vargas-Alarcon et al (1995)49 | – | | Mexican | | HLA-DR5 (possibly DRB1*1201) with the primary APS in Mexican patients |
Goldstein et al (1996)11 | 91 SLE and 16 primary APS | | White | | The strongest association is with the HLA-DR53 haplotypes, some of which include the DQ7 allele |
Granados et al (1997)52 | 80 | | Mexican | | Patients with SLE with aCL had statistically significantly increased corrected frequencies of HLA-DR3; DR7 and DQ2 antigens |
Ioannidis et al (1999)29 | 67 Greek,
>74 others | | Greek, white, African-American, Mexican-American | | The major alleles associated with anti-β2GPI response are HLA-DQA1*03 (in particular, *0301) and the HLA-DRB1*1302- |
Arnett et al (1999)38 | 262 | | Mexican, American whites, blacks | | HLA-DQB1*0302, as well as HLA-DQB1*03 alleles overall (DQB1*0301, *0302, and *0303), were strongly correlated with anti-β2GPI antibodies in all ethnic groups
>The HLA-DR6 (DR13) haplotype DRB1*1302; DQB1*0604/5 was also significantly increased, primarily in blacks
>HLA-DR7 was not significantly increased in any of these three ethnic groups
>HLA-DR53 (DRB4*0101) was increased in Mexican Americans only |
Freitas et al (2004)42 | 123 patients and 166 controls | | Brazilian | | Compared with controls, patients with primary APS exhibited a non-significantly increased frequency of DR53 associated alleles, and patients with secondary APS presented an increased frequency of HLA-DRB1*03 alleles
>A trend towards an increase in the frequency of the DQB1*0604 allele and of the DQB1*0302 allele was seen in secondary APS |
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Asian
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Hashimoto et al (1998)53 | 145 | | Japanese | | Patients with SLE with β2GPI dependent aCL were significantly associated with DRB1*0901 |