Association between tertiles of daily intake of antioxidants and developing IP. Lowest and middle tertiles of intake are compared with the highest tertile
| Cases No (%) | Controls No (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | p Value for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Adjusted for smoking, total energy, vitamin C. | |||||
| Vitamin E (mg) | |||||
| 1, <5.3 | 26 (36) | 47 (32) | 1.6 (0.7 to 3.3) | 1.3 (0.6 to 3.2) | 0.5 |
| 2, 5.3–7.7 | 27 (37) | 46 (32) | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.3) | 1.6 (0.7 to 3.4) | |
| 3, >7.7 (referent) | 20 (27) | 53 (36) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| β-carotene (μg) | |||||
| 1, <1305 | 27 (37) | 46 (32) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.8) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.7) | 0.6 |
| 2, 1305–2340 | 24 (33) | 49 (33) | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.3) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.1) | |
| 3, >2340 (referent) | 22 (30) | 51 (35) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Retinol (μg) | |||||
| 1, <216 | 28 (38) | 45 (31) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.2) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.3) | 0.6 |
| 2, 216–385 | 20 (28) | 53 (36) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.4) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | |
| 3, >385 (referent) | 25 (34) | 48 (33) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Selenium (μg) | |||||
| 1, <45.8 | 24 (33) | 49 (33.5) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.0) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.9) | 0.8 |
| 2, 45.8–60 | 25 (34) | 48 (33) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.1) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.1) | |
| 3, >60 (referent) | 24 (33) | 49 (33.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |