Characteristics of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and controls
| Parameter | Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome | Controls | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 20) | Primary (n = 10) | Secondary† (n = 10) | Subjects with aPL without clinical findings (n = 20) | Healthy controls (n = 20) | |
| Results are shown as mean (SD) unless otherwise stated. | |||||
| *p = 0.004 v primary and secondary APS; **p<0.000 v APS (overall); ***p = 0.034 v subjects with aPL but without clinical findings and p = 0.012 v APS (overall). | |||||
| † None of these patients presented activity data of SLE at the time of the study; ‡cut off value, 10 GPL/ml and 7 MPL/ml; §cut off value, 20 IU/ml. | |||||
| Age (years) | 39.4 (13.2) | 36.8 (15.4) | 43.5 (11.8) | 47.2 (17.8) | 43.2 (6.1) |
| Men:women ratio | 1.7:1 | 1.7:1 | 1.8:1 | 1.7:1 | 1.7:1 |
| Clinical findings (%) | |||||
| Venous thrombosis | 65 | 60 | 70 | 0 | 0 |
| Arterial thrombosis | 40 | 50 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Abortions | 20 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Anticardiolipin antibodies IgG‡ | 0** | ||||
| Percentage above normal | 50 | 50 | 50 | 70 | |
| Mean titre (GPL/ml) | 19.0 (18.3) | 18.6 (17.7) | 19.5 (19.0) | 28.4 (19.1) | 0** |
| Anticardiolipin antibodies IgM‡ | |||||
| Percentage above normal | 55 | 50 | 60 | 30 | 0** |
| Mean titre (MPL/ml) | 22.1 (11.9) | 24.0 (9.6) | 20.3 (13.2) | 45.0 (33.9) | 0** |
| Lupus anticoagulant | |||||
| Percentage above normal | 30 | 10 | 50 | 20 | 0* |
| Anti-β2-glycoprotein antibodies§ | |||||
| Percentage above normal | 100 | 100 | 100 | 30** | 0** |
| Mean titre (IU/ml) | 134.3 (76.5) | 95.2 (30.0) | 175.3 (106.6) | 13.8 (9.7)** | 0** |
| E-selectin | |||||
| Mean titre (ng/ml) | 65.8 (16.5) | 69.8 (14.5) | 63.0 (19.6) | 52.4 (24.1) | 42.6 (10.5)*** |
| P-selectin | |||||
| Mean titre (ng/ml) | 213.2 (92.5) | 254.3 (107.6) | 184.0 (89.5) | 28.0 (18.2)** | 29.5 (12.3)** |
| Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 | |||||
| Mean titre (ng/ml) | 331.4 (87.2) | 296.9 (79.0) | 363.5 (107.6) | 314.2 (116.0) | 206.1 (64.8) |