English literature search 1960–98: cross sectional or prospective studies on antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and avascular necrosis (AVN)
| Authors (reference) | Patients with SLE studied (n) | Prevalence of AVN (% (No)) | aPL tested |
Prevalence of APL in patients with AVN (% (No)) | Prevalence of APL in control group (% (No)) |
Association of APL with AVN | Concomitant corticosteroid use | ||||
| Nagasawa et al 24 | 111 | 22 (24/111) | LAC | 25 (6/24) | 5 (11/44) | −ve | +ve | ||||
| LAC + shorten aPTT | 54 (13/24) | 23 (10/44) | +ve (p<0.05) | ||||||||
| Alarcon-Segoviaet al 25 | 500 | 6 (28/500) | aCL | NS | NS | −ve | +ve | ||||
| Ashersonet al 30 | 800 | 5 (37/800) | LAC and aCL | 73 (27/37) | No control group analysed | No statistics provided | +ve | ||||
| Migliaresiet al 23 | (69 | 10 (7/69) | aCL | 29 (2/7) | 39 (24/62) | −ve | +ve | ||||
| Moket al 26 | 320 | 12 (38/320) | LAC | 27 (9/33) | 12 (16/139) | +ve (p=0.02) | +ve | ||||
| IgG aCL | 42 (15/36) | 52 (74/142) | −ve | ||||||||
| IgM aCL | 8 (3/36) | 5 (7/142) | −ve | ||||||||
aCL = anticardiolipin antibodies; LAC = lupus anticoagulant; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus.