Effects of cytokine agonists and antagonists in murine lupus
| Strain | Treatment | Disease outcome | References |
| (NZB X W)F1 | rIL1 | More severe | 63 |
| MRL-lpr | rIL1R | Beneficial | 93 |
| MRL-lpr | rIL1R antagonist | No effect | 94 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | human rIL2 high and low doses | No effect | 20 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | Anti-IL2R mAb | Beneficial | 21 |
| MRL-lpr | Vaccinia virus IL2 construct | Beneficial | 17 |
| MRL-lpr | S typhimurium with IL2 gene | Beneficial | 18 |
| MRL-lpr | IL2 expression vector injected IM | More severe | 19 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | Anti-IL4 mAb | Beneficial | 44 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | Anti-IL4 mAb + Anti-ILl2 mAb | No effect | 44 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | rIL6 | More severe | 49 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | Anti-IL6 mAb | Beneficial | 50 |
| MRL-lpr | Anti-IL6R mAb | Beneficial | 51 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | Anti-IL10 mAb | Beneficial | 54 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | Anti-IL10 mAb + Anti-TNFα mAb | No effect | 54 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | rIL10 | More severe | 54 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | AS101 (IL10 inhibiting immunomodulator) | Beneficial | 55 |
| MRL-lpr | rIL12 | More severe | 41 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | Anti-IL12 mAb | Reduced anti-DNA, no effect on GN | 44 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | rIFNy | More severe | 31 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | Anti-IFNγ mAb | Beneficial | 31 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | sIFNγR | Beneficial | 32 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | rTNFα low dose (2 mo) | No effect | 63 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | rTNFα low dose (4 mo) | More severe | 63 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | rTNFα intermediate dose (4 mo) | No effect | 63 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | rTNFα high dose administered early | Beneficial | 58, 73, 74 |
| (NZB X W)F1 | rTNFα high dose administered late | No effect | 58, 73 |
| MRL-lpr | Anti-TNFα mAb | Beneficial | 75 |
| MRL-lpr | Transcriptional inhibitor of TNFα | Beneficial | 79 |
| MRL-lpr | Anti-TGFß mAb | Beneficial | 97 |
| MRL-lpr | S typhimurium with TGFß gene | No effect | 18 |
| MRL-lpr | TGF-ß expression vector injected IM | Beneficial | 19 |