Patient (age) | LN | Clinical symptom | APS profile | NS | Initial renal function | Previous APS symptom | Lupus features at time of RVT diagnosis | ||
Patient 1 (20) | Class IV AI: 13, CI: 4 | Peripheral oedema | ACA 3.65, PLT: 209 | (+,4m*) | Transient GFR↓, ERPF↓ | Pulmonary HT | Active lupus nephritis | ||
Flank soreness | RPR (−), APTT→ | Creatinine↑, TP: 3.8 g | |||||||
Patient 2 (30) | Class III AI: 14, CI: 5 | Peripheral oedema | ACA: 56, PLT: 112 RPR (−), APTT↑ | (+,4m) | BUN/Cr: normal TP: 4.1 g | Raynaud, CRAO, skin ulceration, AVN, digital gangrene | Pleural effusion, arthritis, haemolytic anaemia and vasculitis | ||
Patient 3 (25) | Class V AI: 12, CI: 5 | Peripheral oedema | ACA: 1.12, PLT: 349 | (+,3m) | Transient GFR↓, ERPF↓ | Pulmonary HT | Arthralgia, malar rash with rapid increase of proteinuria | ||
Flank soreness | RPR (−), APTT→ | Creatinine↑, TP: 4.4 g | |||||||
Patient 4 (35) | Class V AI: 16, CI: 4 | Peripheral oedema | ACA: 26.2, PLT: 75 | (+,2m) | BUN/Cr: normal TP: 3.7 g | Pulmonary HT, AVN, deep vein thrombosis, repeated abortion | Digital vasculitis, fever, active lupus nephritis | ||
RPR (−), APTT→ | |||||||||
Patient 5 (34) | Class IV AI: 17, CI: 5 | Peripheral oedema | ACA: 310, PLT: 60 RPR (+), APTT↑ | (+,4m) | BUN/Cr: normal TP: 5.3 g | Repeated abortion, brain atrophy | Malar rash, pericardial effusion, haemolytic anaemia | ||
Old lacunar infarction | |||||||||
Patient 6 (39) | Class IV AI: 11, CI: 7 | Peripheral oedema | ACA: 22.4, PLT: 43 | (+,2m) | Cr: 6.2, Acute renal failure, TP: 4.1 g | Multiple cerebral infarction | Synovitis, fever, malar rash | ||
RPR (−), APTT→ |
LN: Lupus nephritis, classified according to WHO criteria; APS: antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; NS: nephrotic syndrome ; ACA: anticardiolipin antibody, IgG subclass, with normal range 15 GPL unit/ml; CRAO: central retinal artery occlusion; AVN: avascular necrosis; ↑, ↓, →: increased, decreased, and normal range, respectively; PLT: platelet count, platelet count ×103/μl; ERPF: effective renal plasma flow, determined by scintigraphy; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; TP: 24 hours total urine protein; AI: active renal biopsy index; CI: chronic index, Cr: creatinine; RPR: rapid plasma reagin. *Duration of a previous nephrotic syndrome history (months) before diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis.