Effects of opioids on the immune system

Neurochem Res. 1996 Nov;21(11):1375-86. doi: 10.1007/BF02532379.

Abstract

Both therapeutic and chronic uses of opioids compromise the optimal functioning of the immune system. Overwhelming evidence suggests that opioid use affects both innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Chronic administration of opioids decreases the proliferative capacity of macrophage progenitor cells and lymphocytes. Additionally, the differentiated function of immune cells is significantly affected by opioids. These effects are mediated by either a direct action of opioids on the target cells or by indirect centrally mediated pathways. Molecular biological and biochemical characterization suggest that immune cells differentially express classical opioid receptors. Interestingly, these studies also reveal the presence of a novel class of opioid receptors in immune cells. We believe that this low affinity morphine binding site mediates the antiproliferative effects of morphine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • B-Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Bone Marrow
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cells / cytology
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cells / physiology
  • Humans
  • Immune System / drug effects*
  • Immune System / physiology
  • Immune System / physiopathology
  • Killer Cells, Natural / drug effects
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
  • Morphine / pharmacology
  • Narcotics / pharmacology*
  • Narcotics / therapeutic use*
  • Receptors, Opioid / immunology
  • Receptors, Opioid / physiology
  • T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology

Substances

  • Narcotics
  • Receptors, Opioid
  • Morphine