Group C meningococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine: a meta-analysis of immunogenicity, safety and posology

Hum Vaccin. 2005 Jul-Aug;1(4):131-9. doi: 10.4161/hv.1.4.2018. Epub 2005 Jul 13.

Abstract

A conjugate vaccine comprised of de-O-acetylated group C meningococcal polysaccharide coupled to tetanus toxoid (GCMP-TT) has been licensed in 32 countries and incorporated in a comprehensive UK vaccination program. Extensive evidence, forming the subject of this meta-analysis, has rapidly accumulated on the immunogenicity, safety and posology of GCMP-TT as well as its epidemiological impact. GCMP-TT has been shown effective after a single dose in individuals >12 months of age, and initial posology specified three doses in infants. However, based on a recent clinical trial, posology was reduced to two doses in infants. Pooled protection rate, defined as proportion of subjects with serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) levels > or = 1:8, was 99.4% (CI, 98.2-99.9%) in seven clinical trials covering all age groups. Robust responses to GCMP-TT have been demonstrated with respect to SBA, IgG levels and antibody avidity. In post-marketing pharmacosurveillance encompassing >12 x 10(6) GCMP-TT doses distributed worldwide, the vaccine has been well tolerated with an incidence rate of 0.01% for all the most commonly encountered types of adverse events. After a catch-up UK vaccination campaign where 5-8 year old children were primarily given GCMP-TT, a 93% decline in meningococcal disease incidence was observed. In view of its immunogenicity, safety and potential suitability for use among infants in reduced dose schedules, GCMP-TT appears to mark a major advance over predecessor polysaccharide vaccines for the prevention of meningococcal C disease.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Bacterial / analysis
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / biosynthesis
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Endpoint Determination
  • Humans
  • Immunization Schedule
  • Immunologic Memory / immunology
  • Infant
  • Meningitis, Meningococcal / epidemiology
  • Meningitis, Meningococcal / immunology
  • Meningitis, Meningococcal / prevention & control
  • Meningococcal Vaccines / adverse effects
  • Meningococcal Vaccines / immunology*
  • Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C / immunology*
  • Polysaccharides / adverse effects
  • Polysaccharides / immunology
  • Tetanus Toxoid / adverse effects
  • Tetanus Toxoid / immunology*
  • United Kingdom / epidemiology
  • Vaccines, Conjugate

Substances

  • Antibodies, Bacterial
  • Meningococcal Vaccines
  • Polysaccharides
  • Tetanus Toxoid
  • Vaccines, Conjugate