Footnotes

• Contributors HK, TT: conceived the study and prepared the manuscript; KK, ES, HY: scored the radiographs; KS, SN, TH, TA, MT, TK, SS, YT: collected data from patients.

• Funding This study was supported by Advanced Clinical Research Organization (ACRO, Japan) and research grants from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.

• Competing interests HK has received honoraria from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Abbott, Eisai Pharma, and Bristol-Myers-Squibb. SN has received honoraria from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Pfizer, Abbott, Eisai, Chugai Pharma, and Bristol-Myers-Squibb, and a research grant from Pfizer. TH has received honoraria from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Abbott, Eisai Pharma, Janssen Pharma, Chugai Pharma, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Astellas Pharma, Astrazeneca, and Novartis. TA has received honoraria from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eisai Pharma, Chugai Pharma, Otsuka Pharma and Bristol-Myers-Squibb. TK has received honoraria from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Pfizer, Abbott, Eisai Pharma, Janssen Pharma, Chugai Pharma, and Bristol-Myers-Squibb, and research grants from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Pfizer, Eisai Pharma, and Chugai Pharma. YT has received honoraria from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Chugai Pharma, Eisai Pharma, Takeda Industrial Pharma, Astellas Pharma, Abbott Immunology Pharma, and received research grants from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Takeda Industrial Pharma, Banyu Pharma, Chugai Pharma, Eisai Pharma, Astellas Pharma, and Abbott Immunology Pharma. HY has received lecture and/or consulting fees from Abbott, Eisai Co. Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Hoffmann-La Roche, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and research grants from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Banyu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Abbott Japan Co. Ltd., Eisai Co. Ltd., Santen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Taishotoyama Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. TT has received honoraria from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Abbott, Eisai Pharma, Janssen Pharma, Chugai Pharma, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, and Novartis, and research grants from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eisai Pharma, and Chugai Pharma.

• Patient consent Obtained.

• Ethics approval Institutional ethics committee of each participating institute.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.