TNF-receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is an autoinflammatory condition and is the most common autosomal dominant hereditary periodic fever. Autoinflammatory syndromes are distinguished from autoimmune diseases by the fact that their disease immunopathology is largely played out by cells and molecules of the innate immune system.1 2

The pathogenesis of TRAPS is still not completely understood and treatment options are extremely limited. Prednisolone improves symptoms during attacks but the effect often wanes and patients may require increasing doses. Etanercept, a TNFR2 fusion protein, is reported to have a beneficial effect on many patients with TRAPS,3,–,6 whereas infliximab is not generally effective in most cases of TRAPS and may cause an overwhelming flare but occasional benefit has also been described.7,–,9 Anakinra, …