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Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:1680-1685 doi:10.1136/ard.2008.100271
  • Clinical and epidemiological research
  • Extended report

Elaboration of the preliminary Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) score: a EULAR initiative

  1. L Gossec1,2,
  2. M Dougados1,
  3. N Rincheval2,
  4. A Balanescu3,
  5. D T Boumpas4,
  6. S Canadelo5,
  7. L Carmona6,
  8. J-P Daurès2,
  9. M de Wit5,
  10. B A C Dijkmans7,
  11. M Englbrecht8,
  12. Z Gunendi9,
  13. T Heiberg10,
  14. J R Kirwan11,
  15. E M Mola12,
  16. M Matucci-Cerinic13,
  17. K Otsa14,
  18. G Schett8,
  19. T Sokka15,
  20. G A Wells16,
  21. G J Aanerud10,
  22. A Celano13,
  23. A Dudkin14,
  24. C Hernandez12,
  25. K Koutsogianni4,
  26. F N Akca9,
  27. A-M Petre3,
  28. P Richards11,
  29. M Scholte-Voshaar7,
  30. G Von Krause1,
  31. T K Kvien17,18
  1. 1
    Paris Descartes University, Medicine Faculty, UPRES-EA 4058, APHP, Rheumatology B Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris France
  2. 2
    Epidemiology and Statistics Department, Montpellier Medicine Faculty, Montpellier, France
  3. 3
    Research Center of Rheumatic Diseases, “Sf Maria” Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
  4. 4
    Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
  5. 5
    EULAR standing committee of People with Arthritis/Rheumatism in Europe (PARE), Zurich, Switzerland
  6. 6
    Research Unit, Spanish Foundation of Rheumatology, Madrid, Spain
  7. 7
    Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center and Jan van Breemen Institute, The Netherlands
  8. 8
    Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
  9. 9
    University of Gazi, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey
  10. 10
    Department for Research and Education, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
  11. 11
    University of Bristol, Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
  12. 12
    Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
  13. 13
    Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Denothe Centre, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
  14. 14
    Rheumatology Department, Tallinn Central Hospital, Estonia
  15. 15
    Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
  16. 16
    University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  17. 17
    Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
  18. 18
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  1. Correspondence to Dr L Gossec, Service de Rhumatologie B, Hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; laure.gossec{at}cch.aphp.fr
  • Accepted 14 November 2008
  • Published Online First 3 December 2008

Abstract

Background: Current response criteria in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) usually assess only three patient-reported outcomes (PROs): pain, functional disability and patient global assessment. Other important PROs such as fatigue are not included.

Objective: To elaborate a patient-derived composite response index for use in clinical trials in RA, the RA Impact of Disease (RAID) score.

Methods: Ten patients identified 17 domains or areas of health relevant for inclusion in the score, then 96 patients (10 per country in 10 European countries) ranked these domains in order of decreasing importance. The seven most important domains were selected. Instruments were chosen for each domain after extensive literature research of psychometric properties and expert opinion. The relative weight of each of the domains was obtained from 505 patients who were asked to “distribute 100 points” among the seven domains. The average ranks of importance of these domains were then computed.

Results: The RAID score includes seven domains with the following relative weights: pain (21%), functional disability (16%), fatigue (15%), emotional well-being (12%), sleep (12%), coping (12%) and physical well-being (12%). Weights were similar across countries and across patient and disease characteristics. Proposed instruments include the Health Assessment Questionnaire and numerical ratings scales.

Conclusion: The preliminary RAID score is a patient-derived weighted score to assess the impact of RA. An ongoing study will allow the final choice of questionnaires and assessment of validity. This score can be used in clinical trials as a new composite index that captures information relevant to patients.

Footnotes

  • Appendices 1 and 2 are published online only at http://ard.bmj.com/content/vol68/issue11

  • Funding EULAR grant CLI.013.

  • Competing interests None.

  • Ethics approval All applicable regulations were respected and the project was accepted by ethical committees in participating countries.

  • This project, supported financially by EULAR, was convened by TKK, facilitated by LG, and has as steering committee one other rheumatologist (MD), two patients with RA (SC and MdW), one epidemiologist (LC) and one allied health professional (TH). Ten countries were involved in the elaboration of the RAID: Estonia, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Romania, Turkey and United Kingdom. Germany and Finland have subsequently become part of the validation project.

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