Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005;64:345-346
© 2005 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & European League Against Rheumatism
LEADER
Evidence and replication
Large scale evidence and replication: insights from rheumatology and beyond
Correspondence to:
Dr J P A Ioannidis
Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece; jioannid@cc.uoi.gr
Accepted 14 September 2004
Many biomedical and research findings fail to be replicated and validated
Keywords: clinical trials; evidence; meta-analysis; replication
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Increasing concern has been expressed that biomedical research findings many times fail to be replicated and validated. This may occur across the spectrum from basic research to clinical applications. Small studies, poor design, the play of chance, exaggeration in early claims, data dredging, selective publication and reporting of information, strong expert opinions, biases, and financial or other conflicts of interest all probably combine to create uncertainty about whether research findings will stand the test of time and independent replication. Some research findings or beliefs are not even questioned and no effort is ever made to challenge them, but this does not mean that they are true. The recent advent of molecular medicine has only increased the complexity and number of questions that may be asked. It is unclear though, whether the information derived from the various fascinating discovery-driven approaches, massive as it is, is more likely to
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