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Citrullination and autoimmune disease: 8th Bertine Koperberg meeting
1 Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2 Division of Immunolgy and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA; Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
Keywords: citrullination; autoimmune disease
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Citrullination, the process in which citrulline-containing proteins are formed, seems to have a role in several autoimmune diseases.1,2 Although citrulline is a common metabolite present throughout the human body, it is a non-standard amino acid, which means that it cannot be incorporated into proteins during protein synthesis. Citrulline-containing proteins can only be generated through post-translational modification of arginine residues, a reaction that is catalysed by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes.3
At the 8th Bertine Koperberg meeting in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, held in March 2005, the way in which citrullination might be involved in the autoimmune diseases rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS) was discussed.
Ger Pruijn (Nijmegen, The Netherlands) gave an excellent overview of the enzymes responsible for citrullination. Five, highly conserved isotypes of PAD enzymes exist in all mammalian species (PAD1–PAD4 and PAD6). The main difference between the isotypes is their tissue-specific expression. For RA and MS, PAD2 and
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