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Antiphospholipid syndrome

Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome

G R V Hughes, M A Khamashta

Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr M A Khamashta
; munther.khamashta@kcl.ac.uk

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History repeats itself

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Keywords: Antiphospholipid syndrome

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS; Hughes syndrome) is now 20 years old.^1,2 The clinical features are well defined, and include the tendency to both arterial and venous thrombosis, to recurrent miscarriages, and to occasional thrombocytopenia.

So too are the features which give the syndrome such a distinctive flavour, setting it apart from other coagulopathies—the severity of the headaches and migraine, the memory loss, the "atypical multiple sclerosis", the prominence of the livedo reticularis, the heart valve involvement.³

Traditionally, raised levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), especially IgG aPL, are associated with the increased thrombotic risk characteristic of the syndrome. However, as always in real clinical practice, there are often discrepancies between antibody levels and clinical disease expression.

As awareness increases, and the number of patients with APS grows, it comes as no surprise that "seronegative APS" provides the focus of day to day clinical discussion—the patient with migraine, stroke, several . . . [Full text of this article]

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• Bertolaccini, M L, Khamashta, M A (2006). Laboratory diagnosis and management challenges in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 15: 172-178 [Abstract]  
• Oates, J A, Lovett, J K, Gutowski, N J (2006). An aspirin responsive non-progressive chronic chorea. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 77: 277-278 [Full Text]  
• Sangle, S, D'Cruz, D P, Hughes, G R V (2005). Livedo reticularis and pregnancy morbidity in patients negative for antiphospholipid antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis 64: 147-148 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jawad, A S M, Hughes, G, Khamashta, M (2004). Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome * Authors' reply. Ann Rheum Dis 63: 608-608 [Full Text]