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Non-host cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease: a new paradigm?
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Autoimmune diseases are thought of as disorders in which a
body's cells inexplicably attack its own tissues. Usually there is
little evidence that anything is abnormal in the body tissues before
the immunological attack begins. Drawing together observations from
unrelated fields of medicine and science, microchimerism has been
proposed as a new consideration in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune
disorders.1 The term chimerism is used to indicate a body
that contains cell populations derived from different individuals and
microchimerism refers to low levels of non-host cells. The observations
draw from pregnancy immunology, transplantation biology, prenatal
diagnostics, and autoimmunity. The key observation that led to the
proposal came from investigators working to establish sensitive
techniques for prenatal diagnosis. As a result of the application of
molecular techniques to prenatal diagnosis it is now known that
fetal cells enter the mother's blood early in the course of most
pregnancies. In 1996 a report
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