Ann Rheum Dis 1999;58:1-5 ( January )

Leader

Epidemiology of whiplash: an international dilemma^*

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

	Introduction

Whiplash associated disorders have become an international medicolegal and social dilemma. Physicians are not sure what the best therapeutic approach should be, and the courts are finding the topic growing ever more controversial. There are many evident paradoxes in the development and presentation of such disorders. We will focus particularly on the remarkable epidemiological findings covering the "natural history" of this problem, and provide a biopsychosocial model to explain these observations.

	Epidemiologyinternational comparisons

A model that considers that chronic symptoms reflect some form of chronic, injury related damage cannot account for wide differences in the prevalence of such behaviours between different countries and even different regions of the same country.

SINGAPORE AND AUSTRALIA
The behaviour of reporting chronic symptoms, which once was so commonly observed in whiplash patients in Australia, does not occur in Singapore.¹ This is despite there being at least as many collisions in Singapore. According to J L Balla, . . . [Full text of this article]

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Young, A., Koduri, G., Batley, M., Kulinskaya, E., Gough, A., Norton, S., Dixey, J., on behalf of the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study, (2007). Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Increased in the early course of disease, in ischaemic heart disease and in pulmonary fibrosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46: 350-357 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kelly, C., Hamilton, J. (2007). What kills patients with rheumatoid arthritis?. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46: 183-184 [Full Text]  
• Raak, R., Wallin, M. (2006). Thermal thresholds and catastrophizing in individuals with chronic pain after whiplash injury.. Biol Res Nurs 8: 138-146 [Abstract]  
• Douglass, A. B., Bope, E. T. (2004). Evaluation and Treatment of Posterior Neck Pain in Family Practice. J Am Board Fam Med 17: S13-S22 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Richter, M, Ferrari, R, Otte, D, Kuensebeck, H-W, Blauth, M, Krettek, C (2004). Correlation of clinical findings, collision parameters, and psychological factors in the outcome of whiplash associated disorders. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 75: 758-764 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hazemeijer, I., Rasker, J. J. (2003). Fibromyalgia and the therapeutic domain. A philosophical study on the origins of fibromyalgia in a specific social setting. Rheumatology (Oxford) 42: 507-515 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ferrari, R (2002). Prevention of chronic pain after whiplash. Emerg. Med. J. 19: 526-530 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Smith, J. B., Haynes, M. K. (2002). Rheumatoid Arthritis--A Molecular Understanding. ANN INTERN MED 136: 908-922 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ferrari, R, Schrader, H (2001). NOSOLOGICAL ENTITIES?: The late whiplash syndrome: a biopsychosocial approach. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 70: 722-726 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hawkins, R. A (2001). An active exercise and posture protocol reduced pain in acute whiplash injuries. Evid. Based Med. 6: 76-76 [Full Text]  
• Ferrari, R., Berry, H. (2000). Comment on Berry and Hachinski. Arch Neurol 57: 1791-1792 [Full Text]  
• Huizinga, T. W. J., Keijsers, V., Yanni, G., Hall, M., Ramage, W., Lanchbury, J., Pitzalis, C., Drossaers-Bakker, W. K., Westendorp, R. G. J., Breedveld, F. C., Panayi, G., Verweij, C. L. (2000). Are differences in interleukin 10 production associated with joint damage?. Rheumatology (Oxford) 39: 1180-1188 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2000). Robin Goodfellow. Rheumatology (Oxford) 39: 932-932 [Full Text]  
• BARNSLEY;, L., BOGDUK;, N., RADANOV;, B. P, FERRARI, R, RUSSELL;, A S, FERRARI, R, RUSSELL, A. S (2000). Epidemiology of whiplash. Ann Rheum Dis 59: 394-396 [Full Text]  
• Cassidy, J. D., Carroll, L. J., Cote, P., Lemstra, M., Berglund, A., Nygren, A. (2000). Effect of Eliminating Compensation for Pain and Suffering on the Outcome of Insurance Claims for Whiplash Injury. NEJM 342: 1179-1186 [Abstract] [Full Text]