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The Th1-Th2 model
what relevance to inflammatory arthritis?
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Just over a decade ago Mosmann and colleagues reported that murine T helper (Th) cell clones could be distinguished by distinct cytokine secretion patterns.1 Since then the concept of Th1 and Th2 subsets has become increasingly popular and the Th1-Th2 model represents one of the most important developments in our understanding of immunological processes in health and disease.
The model encompasses two concepts derived from in vitro observations
of longlived murine T cell clones: (1) CD4+ T cells may be
classified into Th1 and Th2 subsets, based on the production of two
functionally distinct profiles of cytokines. Th1 cells produce
interferon 
(IFN), interleukin 2 (IL2), and tumour necrosis
factor 
(TNF), and in broad terms induce cell mediated immunity.
Th2 cells secrete interleukins 4 (IL4), 5 (IL5), 6 (IL6), 10 (IL10),
and 13 (IL13) and induce humoral and parasitic immunity. (2) Factors
that stimulate the actions of one subset reciprocally inhibit the other
subset, leading
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