EXTENDED REPORT

High prevalence of asymptomatic cervical spine subluxation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis waiting for orthopaedic surgery

M H Neva¹, A Häkkinen², H Mäkinen³, P Hannonen⁴, M Kauppi⁵, T Sokka⁶

¹ Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
² Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
³ Department of Medicine, Jyväskylä Central Hospital
⁴ Department of Medicine, Jyväskylä Central Hospital
⁵ Department of Rheumatology, Rheumatism Foundation Hospital, Heinola, Finland
⁶ Department of Medicine, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Finland and Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

Correspondence to:
Dr Marko Neva
Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, PL 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland; marko_neva{at}yahoo.com

Objective: To study the prevalence of cervical spine subluxation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis waiting for orthopaedic surgery, and symptoms that might be associated with the disorders.

Methods: 194 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were referred for orthopaedic surgery at Jyväskylä Central Hospital, 154 (79%) of whom volunteered for the present study including clinical examination, laboratory tests, radiographs of the cervical spine, hands, and feet, and self report questionnaires. Definition of anterior atlantoaxial subluxation (aAAS) was >3 mm and of subaxial subluxation (SAS) 3 mm. Atlantoaxial impaction (AAI) was analysed following to the Sakaguchi-Kauppi method.

Results: 67 patients (44%) had cervical spine subluxation or previous surgical fusion. The prevalence of aAAS, AAI, SAS, or previous fusion was 27 (18%), 24 (16%), 29 (19%), and 8 (5%), respectively; 69% of patients with cervical spine subluxations (those with fusions excluded) reported neck pain, compared with 65% of patients without subluxations (p = 0.71). The prevalence of occipital, temporal, retro-orbital, and radicular pain in upper extremities was similar in patients with or without cervical spine subluxations (54% v 43%; 17% v 31%; 25% v 24%; 47% v 48%, respectively). However, patients with subluxations were older, had longer disease duration, more active disease, poorer function according to the Health Assessment Questionnaire, and had more often erosive disease.

Conclusions: Asymptomatic cervical spine subluxation is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis waiting for orthopaedic surgery. Regardless of symptoms, the possibility of cervical spine subluxation in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis should be considered in preoperative evaluation.

Abbreviations: aAAS, anterior atlantoaxial subluxation; AAI, atlantoaxial impaction; DAS, disease activity score; DMARD, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire; IQR, interquartile range; SAS, subaxial subluxation; S-K, Sakaguchi-Kauppi; VAS, visual analogue scale

Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; cervical spine subluxation; orthopaedic surgery

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• KAUPPI, M. J., NEVA, M. H., LAIHO, K., KAUTIAINEN, H., LUUKKAINEN, R., KARJALAINEN, A., HANNONEN, P. J., LEIRISALO-REPO, M., KORPELA, M., ILVA, K., MOTTONEN, T., for the FIN-RACo Trial Group, (2009). Rheumatoid Atlantoaxial Subluxation Can Be Prevented by Intensive Use of Traditional Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs. The Journal of Rheumatology 36: 273-278 [Abstract] [Full Text]