EXTENDED REPORT

Renal clearance and daily excretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

R H Straub¹, C Weidler¹, B Demmel¹, M Herrmann², F Kees³, M Schmidt⁴, J Schölmerich¹, J Schedel¹

¹ Laboratory of Neuroendocrinoimmunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
² Central Laboratory, University Hospital of Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
³ Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Professor R H Straub
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinoimmunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany; rainer.straub{at}klinik.uni-regensburg.de

Background: In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), patients demonstrate low levels of adrenal hormones.

Objective: To investigate whether increased renal clearance and daily excretion contribute to this phenomenon.

Methods: Thirty patients with RA, 32 with SLE, and 54 healthy subjects (HS) participated. Serum and urinary levels of cortisol, cortisone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulphate (DHEAS) were measured.

Results: Clearance of DHEAS and DHEA was lower in patients than in HS, and clearance of androstenedione was somewhat higher in patients than in HS, but daily excretion of this latter hormone was low. Clearance of cortisol, cortisone, and 17OHP was similar between the groups. The total molar amount per hour of excreted DHEA, DHEAS, and androstenedione was lower in patients than HS (but similar for cortisol). Serum DHEAS levels correlated with urinary DHEAS levels in HS and patients, whereby HS excreted 5–10 times more of this hormone than excreted by patients. Low serum levels of adrenal androgens and cortisol in patients as compared with HS were confirmed, and proteinuria was not associated with changes of measured renal parameters.

Conclusions: This study in patients with RA and SLE demonstrates that low serum levels of adrenal androgens and cortisol are not due to increased renal clearance and daily loss of these hormones. Decreased adrenal production or increased conversion or conjugation to downstream hormones are the most likely causes of inadequately low serum levels of adrenal hormones in RA and SLE.

Abbreviations: ACTH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone; ACR, American College of Rheumatology; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, DHEA sulphate; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; HS, healthy control subjects; IL, interleukin; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; 17OHP, 17-hydroxyprogesterone; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TNF, tumour necrosis factor

Keywords: cortisol; cortisone; adrenal hormones; renal excretion; rheumatoid arthritis; systemic lupus erythematosus

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Afshartous, D., Preston, R. A (2009). Recursive estimation method for predicting residual bladder urine volumes to improve accuracy of timed urine collections. Stat Methods Med Res 18: 119-130 [Abstract]  
• Gordon, C., Wallace, D. J., Shinada, S., Kalunian, K. C., Forbess, L., Braunstein, G. D., Weisman, M. H. (2008). Testosterone patches in the management of patients with mild/moderate systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47: 334-338 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jessop, D. S., Harbuz, M. S. (2005). A defect in cortisol production in rheumatoid arthritis: why are we still looking?. Rheumatology (Oxford) 44: 1097-1100 [Full Text]