EXTENDED REPORT

The level of BLyS (BAFF) correlates with the titre of autoantibodies in human Sjögren’s syndrome

X Mariette¹, S Roux¹, J Zhang², D Bengoufa³, F Lavie¹, T Zhou⁴, R Kimberly⁴

¹ Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre (Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Université Paris XI, INSERM EMI 0109, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
² Human Genome Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA
³ Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis (AP-HP), Université Paris VII, Paris, France
⁴ Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Professor X Mariette, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin, Bicêtre CEDEX, France;
xavier.mariette{at}bct.ap-hop-paris.fr

Background: Increased levels of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) have been detected in serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To determine the level of BLyS in serum from patients with primary’s Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), another autoimmune disease in which B cell activation is high.

Methods: Serum samples from 49 patients with primary SS according to the revised European criteria were assayed for BLyS, quantitative immunoglobulins, and autoantibody levels and compared with samples from 47 healthy control subjects.

Results: The median level of BLyS was 5.99 ng/ml (25th-75th centile range 3.20–8.93 ng/ml) in SS v 2.49 ng/ml (25th-75th centile range 1.96–2.96 ng/ml) in healthy controls (p<0.001). More importantly, among patients with SS, the presence of anti-SSA antibodies was associated with significantly higher levels of BLyS (medians 7.90 ng/ml v 3.70 ng/ml; p=0.008) as was the presence of anti-SSB antibodies (medians 7.14 ng/ml v 3.70 ng/ml; p=0.02) and of rheumatoid factor (medians 7.70 ng/ml v 3.80 ng/ml; p=0.016). The level of BLyS in three patients with a monoclonal gammopathy was higher than in the other patients (medians 26.53 ng/ml v 5.92 ng/ml; p=0.13). Higher levels of BLyS were associated with higher levels of gammaglobulins and IgG. There was a strong correlation between BLyS and rheumatoid factor level (r=0.71, p<0.0001), anti-SSA IgG level (r=0.32, p=0.02) and anti-SSA IgM level (r=0.39, p=0.006).

Conclusion: In human SS the level of BLyS correlates with the level of autoantibodies. Thus, BLyS may play a part in activating specific autoreactive B cells and modulating the level of production of autoantibodies which are the hallmark of the disease. These findings raise the possibility of a novel therapeutic approach in human SS.

Keywords: B lymphocyte stimulator; autoantibodies; Sjögren’s syndrome

Abbreviations: BLyS, B lymphocyte stimulator; BSA, bovine serum albumin; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HRP, horseradish peroxidase; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SS, Sjögren’s syndrome; TNF, tumour necrosis factor

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