Extended report
Influence of long term silicone implantation on type II collagen
induced arthritis in mice
Caralee J Schaefer, W Dwayne Lawrence, Paul H Wooley
Departments of
Immunology and Microbiology, Pathology, and Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne
State University Medical School, Detroit, Michigan, USA
Correspondence to: Dr P H Wooley, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne State University Medical School, Hutzel Hospital 1S, 4707 St Antoine Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Accepted for publication 30 March 1999
OBJECTIVES
The use of
silicone implants in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery has been
implicated in the development of autoimmune connective tissue diseases.
Previous investigation of the influence of short-term silicone
implantation using an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis
revealed no adverse influence upon disease despite the generation of
autoantibodies against silicone bound proteins. This study was designed
to examine the influence of long term implantation of different forms
of silicone in collagen induced arthritis.
METHODSDBA/1 mice
were surgically implanted with silicone elastomers, gel or oil nine
months before immunisation with type II collagen emulsified in
Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The incidence and severity of arthritis,
antibodies to type II collagen, and serum cytokines were assessed and
compared with sham implanted mice. Silicone implants were recovered,
and autoantibodies to silicone bound proteins evaluated in arthritic
and non-arthritic mice.
RESULTSImmunisation
with CII/FIA resulted in a 30% arthritis incidence in sham implanted
DBA/1 mice. Long term silicone implantation resulted in an increased
incidence of arthritis, with a significant increase of 90% arthritis
in animals implanted with silicone elastomers. Animals implanted with
silicone elastomer also developed foreign body sarcomas during the
study. Serum concentrations of interleukin 10 were increased in mice
implanted with elastomers and immunised with CII/FIA, while interleukin
5 concentrations were significantly diminished in these mice. The
production of autoantibodies to autologous silicone bound proteins,
including anti-type I collagen antibody, was also attributed to the
implantation of either silicone gel or silicone elastomer in type II
collagen immunised animals.
CONCLUSIONSThese data
suggest that long term silicone implantation results in both the
production of autoantibodies to connective tissue antigens and
increased susceptibility to an experimental model of autoimmune disease.
© 1999 by Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
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Degenerative joint disease
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Immunology (including allergy)
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- Rheumatoid arthritis
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